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ROOTS In the exercises that follow each answer must be made up of a word that contains the ‘root’ given at the head: 1. ‘annus’ - year The yearly return of a special date. ann... Coming or happening once a year. ann... Plants that live but one year. ann... To compute interest for one year. ann... A person who receives an annuity. ann... A sum of money paid regularly to one at the end of each year. ann... A year of great unhappiness or misfortune. annu… horribilis Occurring twice a year. bia... Happening at the end of every two years. bie... Related to or completing a period of 100 years. cen... 2. ‘aster’ - star An annual plant of the daisy family, grown for its flowers. ast... A star-shaped mark used in typing and printing. ast... Relating to or consisting of stars. ast... To navigate in a spacecraft. ast... The genesis or origin of the stars. ast... The study of stars to reveal their influence on people. ast... A pilot or member of the crew of a spacecraft. ast... The science of the stars. ast... Study of the physical characteristics of stars. ast... An event that causes much suffering, loss and death. dis... 3. ‘cedo’ - yield or go To yield or give in. acc... Something that happened or existed before something else. ant... To surrender or give up something. ced... To admit or acknowledge something grudgingly. con... To plead with somebody in authority on behalf of somebody else. int... To happen before somebody or something else in time, position, etc. sup... To go back or down from a certain point or level. rec... A period during which there is a decline in economic trade. rec... To give something such as land or a territory back to somebody. ret... To withdraw formally from an organisation. sec... 4. ‘cord’ - heart To be in agreement or come to an agreement. acc... To achieve a state of agreement, friendly relations, or peace. con... A similarity or agreement between two or more things . con... An adjective used to describe a leaf that is heart-shaped . cor... An adjective used to describe friendly and affectionate relationship. cor.. The ability to face danger or pain without being overcome by fear. cou... Disagreement or strife between people. dis... An adjective used to describe disagreement. dis... An animal or bird that is hunted by something or somebody. qua... An account of something, preserved in a lasting form. rec... 5. ‘gress’ - walk To make the final attack; to begin a quarrel. agg... A nation which starts a war. agg... A conference or convention. con... To turn aside from the main subject in talking etc. dig... A way out. egr... The act of going in or entering. ing... An advance, growth, development. pro... To go back. reg... To return to an earlier and usually worse condition. reg... To break a law or command. tra... 6. ‘mot’ to move Bustle or stir. com... The act of reducing a rank or position. dem... Strong feeling of any kind. emo... The quality of being able to move by itself. mot...Change of position or place. mot... The act of furnishing an incentive. mot... Thought or feeling that makes a person act. mot... A person who drives in a car. mot... An advance in rank or position. pro... Situated a long way away. rem... 7. ‘port’ To behave in a certain manner. com... To banish from a country. dep... To send products out of a country. exp... To bring products into a country. imp... Capable of being carried. por... Carrying boats overland. por... Man employed to carry baggage. por Portable case for loose papers or drawings. por... Stiff, oblong bag with two compartments. por... Giving an account of something done, seen or heard. rep... 8. ‘scrib’ - write To think of as caused by something. asc... To draw a line around, to restrict. cir... To tell in words how something looks. des... Something beyond description. ind... To engrave in stone, metal etc. ins... To lay down as a rule to be followed. pre... To condemn or to prohibit as dangerous. pro... To write carelessly or hastily. scr... To sign one’s name to a document etc. sub... To copy something exactly as it was written. tra... 9. ‘sentio’ - feel A feeling that something evil is about to happen. pre... A feeling that one experiences after an injury or insult. res... The action of the senses. sen... The power of the mind to know what happens outside itself. sen… One who is easily affected by something good or bad. sen... Capacity to respond to stimuli. sen...ze Appealing to the body senses rather than to the mind or soul. sen... Capacity for feeling. sen...t A mixture of thought and feeling as of patriotism sen... Having or showing much tender feeling. sen... 10. ‘traho’ - I draw To expressing something that can only be appreciated intellectually. abs... To draw objects or persons nearer. att... A formal or legally binding agreement. con... To reduce the value of something by taking something away. det... To take somebody’s attention away from what he or she is doing. dis To pull something out. ext... To make something last longer. pro To draw something in from an extended position. ret... To deduct one number or quantity from another. sub... A motor vehicle used for ploughing and pulling heavy loads on farms. tra... 11. ‘verto’ - turn To give public notice in the media regarding a product. adv... To keep or stop from happening. ave... To change in form, character, or function. con... Something kept from sight, or something which is hidden. cov... To turn aside; amuse; entertain. div... A sociable, outgoing person. ext... One who is shy and interested in his own thoughts. int... Allowing something to go back—to return. rev... To overthrow, ruin or destroy. sub... Highest point. ver... [Some other words: controvert; evert; invert; obvert; vertical; verticil; vertigo] 12. ‘visio’ —to see Something that is easy to see or understand. A word indicating a reference to something stated elsewhere. Used in the transmission or reception of images in television. Something which can be seen. A person who has visions of unknown or future things. To go to see someone. The movable front part of a helmet permitting vision. View seen through a narrow opening or passage, Call up distinct mental pictures. Of, concerned with, or used in, seeing. 13. ‘aqua’ —water A display of swimming before an audience. The raising of plants or animals in or under the sea or lake. An under water breathing device used in skin diving. Skidding because of a loss of contact between tyres and a wet road. A person who keeps an aquarium. growing or living in water. A stratum of earth or porous rock that contains water. Conveying or containing water. 14. ‘specio’ - I see One side or part of a subject. Watchful on all sides. To scrutinize something carefully. To look within. Mental vision of a future possibility. Appreciation of the fundamental worth of someone. A contemporary survey of past events. An impressive or unusual sight. Visible spirit of a dead person. To have an inkling. 15. ‘voco’ - I call A lawyer who is called to the bar. Interests that one has in addition to a regular occupation. Capable of being interpreted in more than one way. To express oneself in terms that have more than one meaning. To call upon in prayer for aid or protection. To anger or enrage. To cancel or invalidate. A word considered as a sequence of letters or sounds. Grammatical case to indicate the person addressed by the speaker. 16. What is the root for each of the following pairs of words: announce renounce ... appeal repeal ... approve reprove ... commit remit … compel repel ... complete replete ... contract retract ... incline recline ... induce reduce ... inspire respire ... accede precede ... announce pronounce ... conspire perspire ... dissuade persuade ... exclaim proclaim ... exclude preclude ... recreate procreate ... repel propel ... report purport ... 17. The words below come from the Latin word ‘jacere’ (to throw). First try to guess the meaning of each word and then check with a dictionary:- abject abjectly dejected dejectedly interjection object
objection objectionable rejects subject 18. The words below come from the Latin word ‘dicere’ (to say). First try to guess the meaning of each word and then check with a dictionary:- addiction benediction dictatorship diction interdict jurisdiction malediction prediction unpredictable ness valediction verdict vindictiveness ----
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--- EXERCISE Place three words from list B under each of the root words, that they were derived from, in List A. LIST A amo duco laus mors aqua facilis locus nascor signum ars gravis magnus pareo tango cedo homo medius patior voco credo humus mitto pello volo LIST B. accede admission advocate aggrieve allocate amorous apparent apparition applause aquarium aquatic aquifer article artificial artisan aspire assume benevolence commit compel complement complete consume contagious convert credibility credulous creed design disappear ductile educate enamoured equivocate evidence exhume facile facilitate facility grave gravity homage humane humanity humble humility immortalize impassive impel induction inscribe inspire intermediate laudable locality location magnificent magnify magnitude median medium mortal mortify nascent natal nativity paramour passion patient peri-urban plaudits precede recede remit repel respire resume revert revive scribble scripture signal signify suburb supplement survive tangent tangible urban versatile vision visit Place three words from list B under each of the root words, that they were derived from, in List A. LIST A agon - struggle anthrop - (human) arch - chief archaeo - ancient aster - star biblio - book chrono - time cosmo - world demos - people derma - skin gamos - marriage glot - language gon - geometrical figure logos - study lysis - to loosen morph - form naus - sailor opsis - vision path - feeling pathos - suffering pedo - child phainein – be visible philo - love for phon - sound politeia - city pyro - fire tele - far away thesis - position LIST B agony amorphous anachronism analysis antagonism antagonist anthropomorphize antipathyantithesis apathy apologize archangel archeologist archeology archeozoic archipelago aster asterisk astrology bibliography bigamy cacophony cardiology chronic chronicle cosmonaut cosmopolitan democracy demography dermatitis dermatology dialysis disaster empathy empathy emphasis endemic endodermis fantasy glossaryhexagon hydrolysis metamorphic microcosm misanthrope monarch monogamy monoglot morphology optic paedophile panoptic pathogen pedagogue pediatrician pentagon phantom philanthropy philharmonic philosophy phonetics police politics polity polygamy polyglot polygon polyphonic pyre pyrography pyromania sympathy synchronize synchronous synoptic synthesis telepathy telescope television thesis
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